The Koyna River dam in the Karad district in Maharashtra has been prone to frequent earthquakes ever since the Koyna Dam earthquake in 1967 which the experts believed was due to reservoir-induced seismicity.

The Borehole Geophysics Research Laboratory (BGRL) under India's scientific deep drilling program is digging a 6 km borehole to analyze deeper parts of Earth's crust to conduct scientific observation to expand understanding of reservoir induced earthquake in Koyna Warna region

The benefit of deep drilling is to do unique in-situ experiments and observations as well as monitor the region's fault lines' seismic behavior.

With deep drilling, we could know the exact composition of Earth's crust, structure, and process of its formation.

With the data recovered it could help in expanding technology in seismology.

The challenges faced in the process of deep drilling are that it is labor and capital-intensive with the interior of Earth being a hot, dark, and high-pressure region.

The scientists have dug 3 km and found a 1.2 km thick 65-million-year-old Deccan trap lava flow and below it 2500–2700-million-year-old granitic basement rocks.

The way ahead for scientists is that the temperature at 6 km could be 110-130 degrees Celsius as experiments suggest and so the types of equipment and sensors would have to be designed accordingly.